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Conor Horan-Kates 6e06c207a4 cleanup markdown
2016-07-04 17:50:43 -07:00
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firmware binary firmware files, gitignore 2016-06-30 18:42:08 -07:00
README.md cleanup markdown 2016-07-04 17:50:43 -07:00

README.md

hoo2

i was initially interested in the HooToo TripMate Titan when someone on Twitter (thought it was @davepell, but can't find the tweet now) saying it was a great way to share battery/network/data from a single device.

that sounds cool - not just for the surface use cases: road trips, airplane flights, etc - but also because the features required meant the TripMate was a $39 low power, wifi enabled computer with it's own battery.

my goal was always to gain access to this device in ways it's manufacturer hadn't intended, but what i found was a bit excessive.

some of the issues are as common as XSS vulnerabilities, others as serious as passing credentials/settings in plaintext over HTTP and a universally reused root password.

devices

name|model|description|version|rooted?|services|vulnerabilities ----|-----|-----------|-------|-------|--------------- TripMate Titan|HT-TM05|NAS/WiFi bridge/battery| firmware: 2.000.022|yes|telnet, http (80, 81), unknown 85, 8200)|easily guessable default passwords, universal root password, credential exposure, data exposure, HTTP - variety TripMate|HT-TM01|NAS/WiFi bridge/battery| firmware: 2.000.022|yes|telnet, http (80, 81)|same as TripMate Titan TripMate Elite|HT-TM06|NAS/WiFi bridge/battery/outlet|firmware: 2.000.004|no|http (80, 81)|easily guessable default passwords, HTTP - variety TripMate Nano|HT-TM02|NAS/WiFi bridge| firmware: 2.000.018|yes|telnet, http (80, 81), unknown 85|same as TripMate Titan

while both TripMate Titan and TripMate are running the same version of firmware, and have the same services exposed, the web interfaces are very different.

despite the striking similarities between the underlying platforms, it appears they all rev firmware versions differently. currently, the latest TripMate Titan version is 2.000.068, whereas the TripMate is only up to 2.000.036.

see [upgrades-are-hard](upgrades are hard) for a tale of firmware version changes while trying to test the most recent versions.

TripMate Titan

name value
model HT-TM05
firmware 2.000.022
features WiFi bridge, NAS, battery
app http://10.10.10.254

this was the first HooToo device i looked at, and most of the issues found on this device are shared across the rest of the products - the Elite and ipCAM being notable exceptions.

all of the non-HTTP issues started with a simple nmap of the device.

nmap

PORT   STATE SERVICE    VERSION
23/tcp open  telnet     NASLite-SMB/Sveasoft Alchemy firmware telnetd
80/tcp open  http       lighttpd
81/tcp open  http       Web-Based Enterprise Management CIM serverOpenPegasus WBEM httpd
85/tcp open  tcpwrapped
8200/tcp open  trivnet1?
Service Info: Host: HT-TM05; OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel

couple of quick observations:

  • running a telnet server?
  • running 2 HTTP servers?

it turns out that both http://10.10.10.254:80 and http://10.10.10.254:81 are both serving the exact same content - but backed by different web servers (lighttpd and OpenPegasus WBEM CIM)

easily guessable default passwords

realm username password description
WiFi n/a 12345678 this is changeable, but the option is buried
app admin <empty> allows login to web app (default)

universal root password

while not easily guessable, the root password is trivial to obtain:

$ telnet 10.10.10.254
Trying 10.10.10.254...
Connected to 10.10.10.254.
Escape character is '^]'.

HT-TM05 login: admin
Password:
login: can't chdir to home directory '/data/UsbDisk1/Volume1'
$ ls -l /etc/passwd /etc/shadow
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root          406 Jan  1 00:02 /etc/passwd
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root          282 Jan  1 00:02 /etc/shadow

so.. they left /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow readable to anyone who can login - and the web app uses the same credential mechanism as telnet/underlying OS.

now that we've got it, 5 hours on a GCP v16 CPU instance, we find that the password behind $1$yikWMdhq$cIUPc1dKQYHkkKkiVpM is 20080826.

and now, we can login to both the web app and telnetd as root:

$ telnet 10.10.10.254
Trying 10.10.10.254...
Connected to 10.10.10.254.
Escape character is '^]'.

HT-TM05 login: root
Password:
login: can't chdir to home directory '/root'
#

credential exposure - WiFi network and bridge

TODO what are the perms on that file?

the contents of /boot/tmp/etc/Wireless/RT2860/RT2860.dat compromise:

  • plaintext password for device SSID
  • SSID of last/currently bridged WiFi network
  • plaintext password for last/currently bridged WiFi network
# cat /boot/tmp/etc/Wireless/RT2860/RT2860.dat
...
SSID1=free candy
...
WPAPSK1=foobarbaz
...
ApCliSsid1=test-network
ApCliWPAPSK=password

data exposure - NAS

without really explaining it or documenting it, the TripMate assumes that the USB storage device you plugin will have a directory called Share in it's root, with Music, Pictures and Videos directories under that. if you don't, it will happily create them for you.

i put some content in the appropriate path, and when walking through the Music player, it sent me to http://10.10.10.254/data/UsbDisk1/Volume1/Share/Music/Girl%20Talk%20-%20Feed%20The%20Animals/14%20Play%20Your%20Part%20%28Pt.%202%29.mp3

working URLs:

  • http://10.10.10.254/data/UsbDisk1/Volume1/Share/ - not necessarily bad, just unexpected
  • http://10.10.10.254/data/UsbDisk1/Volume1/ - this is an implied vulnerability
  • http://10.10.10.254/data/ - another implied vulnerability.. could we link something into this directory and get browsable access that way?

interesting URLs

TODO need to add context here

  • http://10.10.10.254//index.csp?fname=logout
  • http://10.10.10.254/protocol.csp?fname=net&opt=led_status&function=get
  • http://10.10.10.254/protocol.csp?fname=storage&opt=listen_disk&function=get
  • http://10.10.10.254/protocol.csp?fname=system&opt=i2c&function=get
  • http://10.10.10.254/protocol.csp?fname=security&opt=userlock&function=set
  • http://10.10.10.254/protocol.csp?function=set -

parameters:

  • name
  • pwd1

TODO need to talk about GET vs POST here

protocol.csp

fname opts
net led_status, waninfo
pwdcheck <none, uses name/pwd1>
security userlock, dirlist
storage listen_disk, partopt, disk, usbremove
system i2c, host, devinfo, cpu, autoupdate, curtype

have not done enough digging in this area, but several of these opts accept function=set, potentially allowing for DOS attacks.

TripMate

nmap

Starting Nmap 6.46 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2016-06-29 20:45 PDT
Nmap scan report for 10.10.10.254
Host is up (0.026s latency).
Not shown: 997 closed ports
PORT   STATE SERVICE VERSION
23/tcp open  telnet  NASLite-SMB/Sveasoft Alchemy firmware telnetd
80/tcp open  http    lighttpd
81/tcp open  http    Web-Based Enterprise Management CIM serverOpenPegasus WBEM httpd
Service Info: Host: TM01; OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel

upgrading is hard

when i tried to upgrade the TripMate, i failed with an error message No available space, which seemed odd.

// 'No available space'
# df -h
Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
rootfs                    5.3M      5.3M         0 100% /
/dev/root                 5.3M      5.3M         0 100% /

// 'The system is being upgraded. Please wait 5 minutes. Remaining <n> seconds …After the upgrade is successful,reconnect the device Wi-Fi.'
# df -h
Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
rootfs                    5.3M      5.3M         0 100% /
/dev/root                 5.3M      5.3M         0 100% /
/dev/sda1                 3.8G   1020.0k      3.8G   0% /data/UsbDisk1/Volume1

despite the firmware upgrade.. going on the firmware, rather than uploading to tmpfs (as free shows ). after the upgrade, the SSID was changed to TripMate-855C, and unfortunately, the telnet hole was closed - and in it's place, a 404 behind:

  • User Manager -> Guest
  • Network Settings -> Hostname
  • Network Settings -> WiFi & latency
  • Network Settings -> DHCP Server
  • Network Settings -> Internet
  • Service Settings -> Samba Service
  • Service Settings -> DLNA Service
  • Service Settings -> Auto-jump Service
  • System Settings -> Time Settings
  • System Settings -> Firmware Upgrade
  • System Settings -> Reset Settings
  • Setup Wizard

so every option other than User Manager -> Admin.. on the web interface that's running on port 80. however, the interface that is running on port 81 gives us all of the options back - assuming you know it is there.

TripMate Elite

nmap

Starting Nmap 6.46 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2016-06-29 20:49 PDT
Nmap scan report for 10.10.10.254
Host is up (0.0096s latency).
Not shown: 998 closed ports
PORT   STATE SERVICE VERSION
80/tcp open  http    lighttpd
81/tcp open  http    Web-Based Enterprise Management CIM serverOpenPegasus WBEM httpd
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel

TripMate Nano

nmap

Starting Nmap 6.46 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2016-06-29 20:41 PDT
Nmap scan report for 10.10.10.254
Host is up (0.018s latency).
Not shown: 996 closed ports
PORT   STATE SERVICE    VERSION
23/tcp open  telnet     NASLite-SMB/Sveasoft Alchemy firmware telnetd
80/tcp open  http       lighttpd
81/tcp open  http       Web-Based Enterprise Management CIM serverOpenPegasus WBEM httpd
85/tcp open  tcpwrapped
Service Info: Host: TM02; OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel